Adjust oven rack to middle position, preheat oven to 400 degrees F. Mix flour, baking powder, baking soda, sugar, and salt in a medium bowl. Use the large holes on a box grater to coarsely grate butter into the dry ingredients, stopping a time or two to toss grated butter into the flour. Give a final stir to evenly distribute butter in dry ingredients.
Pour in buttermilk and stir until the dough just comes together. If necessary, add extra drops of buttermilk (or milk) and gently mix a bit more as needed.
Transfer dough onto a floured work surface and pat into a rectangle (roughly 7″ x 10″). Fold one of the short sides of the dough in towards the center. Fold the other short side on top of the first fold as if folding a business letter.
Gently reshape the dough and pat into square about ½ inch thick. For cleaner edges and better rise, use a sharp knife to trim off the outer perimeter of dough. Then cut the dough into 9 biscuits. Recombine and shape the scraps into an additional biscuit (it won’t be pretty but still tasty).
Arrange biscuits on baking sheet. Bake until tops are starting to brown and bottoms are golden, about 15 to 17 minutes, internal temperature should register 200 to 205 degrees.